DNA secondary structures are associated with recombination in major Plasmodium falciparum variable surface antigen gene families
Identifieur interne : 002023 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002022; suivant : 002024DNA secondary structures are associated with recombination in major Plasmodium falciparum variable surface antigen gene families
Auteurs : Adam F. Sander [Danemark] ; Thomas Lavstsen [Danemark] ; Thomas S. Rask [Danemark] ; Michael Lisby [Danemark] ; Ali Salanti [Danemark] ; Sarah L. Fordyce [Danemark] ; Jakob S. Jespersen [Danemark] ; Richard Carter [Royaume-Uni] ; Kirk W. Deitsch [États-Unis] ; Thor G. Theander [Danemark] ; Anders Gorm Pedersen [Danemark] ; David E. Arnot [Danemark, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Nucleic Acids Research [ 0305-1048 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN des protozoaires (), Antigènes de protozoaire (), Antigènes de protozoaire (génétique), Conformation d'acide nucléique, Famille multigénique, Gènes de protozoaire, Plasmodium falciparum (génétique), Protéines de protozoaire (), Protéines de protozoaire (génétique), Recombinaison génétique, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (génétique), Structure tertiaire des protéines, Variation des antigènes (génétique).
- MESH :
- génétique : Antigènes de protozoaire, Plasmodium falciparum, Protéines de protozoaire, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Variation des antigènes.
- ADN des protozoaires, Antigènes de protozoaire, Conformation d'acide nucléique, Famille multigénique, Gènes de protozoaire, Protéines de protozoaire, Recombinaison génétique, Structure tertiaire des protéines.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antigenic Variation (genetics), Antigens, Protozoan (chemistry), Antigens, Protozoan (genetics), DNA, Protozoan (chemistry), Genes, Protozoan, Multigene Family, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Plasmodium falciparum (genetics), Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protozoan Proteins (chemistry), Protozoan Proteins (genetics), Recombination, Genetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Antigens, Protozoan, DNA, Protozoan, Protozoan Proteins.
- genetics : Antigenic Variation, Antigens, Protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoan Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Genes, Protozoan, Multigene Family, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Recombination, Genetic.
Abstract
Many bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens undergo antigenic variation to counter host immune defense mechanisms. In
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1174
PubMed: 24253306
PubMed Central: 3936766
Affiliations:
- Danemark, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Hovedstaden, Écosse, État de New York
- Copenhague, Édimbourg
- Université d'Édimbourg
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Le document en format XML
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Sander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lavstsen, Thomas" sort="Lavstsen, Thomas" uniqKey="Lavstsen T" first="Thomas" last="Lavstsen">Thomas Lavstsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rask, Thomas S" sort="Rask, Thomas S" uniqKey="Rask T" first="Thomas S." last="Rask">Thomas S. Rask</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lisby, Michael" sort="Lisby, Michael" uniqKey="Lisby M" first="Michael" last="Lisby">Michael Lisby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-2200 Copenhagen N</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salanti, Ali" sort="Salanti, Ali" uniqKey="Salanti A" first="Ali" last="Salanti">Ali Salanti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fordyce, Sarah L" sort="Fordyce, Sarah L" uniqKey="Fordyce S" first="Sarah L." last="Fordyce">Sarah L. Fordyce</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jespersen, Jakob S" sort="Jespersen, Jakob S" uniqKey="Jespersen J" first="Jakob S." last="Jespersen">Jakob S. Jespersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carter, Richard" sort="Carter, Richard" uniqKey="Carter R" first="Richard" last="Carter">Richard Carter</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="gkt1174-AFF1">Institute of Infection and Immunology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infection and Immunology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deitsch, Kirk W" sort="Deitsch, Kirk W" uniqKey="Deitsch K" first="Kirk W." last="Deitsch">Kirk W. Deitsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Theander, Thor G" sort="Theander, Thor G" uniqKey="Theander T" first="Thor G." last="Theander">Thor G. Theander</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Anders Gorm" sort="Pedersen, Anders Gorm" uniqKey="Pedersen A" first="Anders Gorm" last="Pedersen">Anders Gorm Pedersen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>2800 Lyngby</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnot, David E" sort="Arnot, David E" uniqKey="Arnot D" first="David E." last="Arnot">David E. Arnot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="gkt1174-AFF1">Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark,</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 22 & 23, PO Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1014 Copenhagen K</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="gkt1174-AFF1">Institute of Infection and Immunology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Infection and Immunology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nucleic Acids Research</title><idno type="ISSN">0305-1048</idno><idno type="eISSN">1362-4962</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigenic Variation (genetics)</term><term>Antigens, Protozoan (chemistry)</term><term>Antigens, Protozoan (genetics)</term><term>DNA, Protozoan (chemistry)</term><term>Genes, Protozoan</term><term>Multigene Family</term><term>Nucleic Acid Conformation</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum (genetics)</term><term>Protein Structure, Tertiary</term><term>Protozoan Proteins (chemistry)</term><term>Protozoan Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term><term>Saccharomyces cerevisiae (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des protozoaires ()</term><term>Antigènes de protozoaire ()</term><term>Antigènes de protozoaire (génétique)</term><term>Conformation d'acide nucléique</term><term>Famille multigénique</term><term>Gènes de protozoaire</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum (génétique)</term><term>Protéines de protozoaire ()</term><term>Protéines de protozoaire (génétique)</term><term>Recombinaison génétique</term><term>Saccharomyces cerevisiae (génétique)</term><term>Structure tertiaire des protéines</term><term>Variation des antigènes (génétique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, Protozoan</term><term>DNA, Protozoan</term><term>Protozoan Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigenic Variation</term><term>Antigens, Protozoan</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Protozoan Proteins</term><term>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes de protozoaire</term><term>Plasmodium falciparum</term><term>Protéines de protozoaire</term><term>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</term><term>Variation des antigènes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Genes, Protozoan</term><term>Multigene Family</term><term>Nucleic Acid Conformation</term><term>Protein Structure, Tertiary</term><term>Recombination, Genetic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN des protozoaires</term><term>Antigènes de protozoaire</term><term>Conformation d'acide nucléique</term><term>Famille multigénique</term><term>Gènes de protozoaire</term><term>Protéines de protozoaire</term><term>Recombinaison génétique</term><term>Structure tertiaire des protéines</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Many bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens undergo antigenic variation to counter host immune defense mechanisms. In <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>, the most lethal of human malaria parasites, switching of <italic>var</italic> gene expression results in alternating expression of the adhesion proteins of the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>-erythrocyte membrane protein 1 class on the infected erythrocyte surface. Recombination clearly generates <italic>var</italic> diversity, but the nature and control of the genetic exchanges involved remain unclear. By experimental and bioinformatic identification of recombination events and genome-wide recombination hotspots in <italic>var</italic> genes, we show that during the parasite’s sexual stages, ectopic recombination between isogenous <italic>var</italic> paralogs occurs near low folding free energy DNA 50-mers and that these sequences are heavily concentrated at the boundaries of regions encoding individual <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>-erythrocyte membrane protein 1 structural domains. The recombinogenic potential of these 50-mers is not parasite-specific because these sequences also induce recombination when transferred to the yeast <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>. Genetic cross data suggest that DNA secondary structures (DSS) act as inducers of recombination during DNA replication in <italic>P. falciparum</italic> sexual stages, and that these DSS-regulated genetic exchanges generate functional and diverse <italic>P. falciparum</italic> adhesion antigens. DSS-induced recombination may represent a common mechanism for optimizing the evolvability of virulence gene families in pathogens.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Su, X" uniqKey="Su X">X Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heatwole, Vm" uniqKey="Heatwole V">VM Heatwole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wertheimer, Sp" uniqKey="Wertheimer S">SP Wertheimer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guinet, F" uniqKey="Guinet F">F Guinet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herrfeldt, Ja" uniqKey="Herrfeldt J">JA Herrfeldt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, Ds" uniqKey="Peterson D">DS Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ravetch, Ja" uniqKey="Ravetch J">JA Ravetch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wellems, Te" uniqKey="Wellems T">TE Wellems</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rowe, Ja" uniqKey="Rowe J">JA Rowe</name></author><author><name 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Lanzer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Hovedstaden</li><li>Écosse</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Copenhague</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sander, Adam F" sort="Sander, Adam F" uniqKey="Sander A" first="Adam F." last="Sander">Adam F. Sander</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Arnot, David E" sort="Arnot, David E" uniqKey="Arnot D" first="David E." last="Arnot">David E. Arnot</name><name sortKey="Fordyce, Sarah L" sort="Fordyce, Sarah L" uniqKey="Fordyce S" first="Sarah L." last="Fordyce">Sarah L. Fordyce</name><name sortKey="Jespersen, Jakob S" sort="Jespersen, Jakob S" uniqKey="Jespersen J" first="Jakob S." last="Jespersen">Jakob S. Jespersen</name><name sortKey="Jespersen, Jakob S" sort="Jespersen, Jakob S" uniqKey="Jespersen J" first="Jakob S." last="Jespersen">Jakob S. Jespersen</name><name sortKey="Lavstsen, Thomas" sort="Lavstsen, Thomas" uniqKey="Lavstsen T" first="Thomas" last="Lavstsen">Thomas Lavstsen</name><name sortKey="Lavstsen, Thomas" sort="Lavstsen, Thomas" uniqKey="Lavstsen T" first="Thomas" last="Lavstsen">Thomas Lavstsen</name><name sortKey="Lisby, Michael" sort="Lisby, Michael" uniqKey="Lisby M" first="Michael" last="Lisby">Michael Lisby</name><name sortKey="Pedersen, Anders Gorm" sort="Pedersen, Anders Gorm" uniqKey="Pedersen A" first="Anders Gorm" last="Pedersen">Anders Gorm Pedersen</name><name sortKey="Rask, Thomas S" sort="Rask, Thomas S" uniqKey="Rask T" first="Thomas S." last="Rask">Thomas S. Rask</name><name sortKey="Rask, Thomas S" sort="Rask, Thomas S" uniqKey="Rask T" first="Thomas S." last="Rask">Thomas S. Rask</name><name sortKey="Salanti, Ali" sort="Salanti, Ali" uniqKey="Salanti A" first="Ali" last="Salanti">Ali Salanti</name><name sortKey="Salanti, Ali" sort="Salanti, Ali" uniqKey="Salanti A" first="Ali" last="Salanti">Ali Salanti</name><name sortKey="Sander, Adam F" sort="Sander, Adam F" uniqKey="Sander A" first="Adam F." last="Sander">Adam F. Sander</name><name sortKey="Theander, Thor G" sort="Theander, Thor G" uniqKey="Theander T" first="Thor G." last="Theander">Thor G. Theander</name><name sortKey="Theander, Thor G" sort="Theander, Thor G" uniqKey="Theander T" first="Thor G." last="Theander">Thor G. Theander</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Écosse"><name sortKey="Carter, Richard" sort="Carter, Richard" uniqKey="Carter R" first="Richard" last="Carter">Richard Carter</name></region><name sortKey="Arnot, David E" sort="Arnot, David E" uniqKey="Arnot D" first="David E." last="Arnot">David E. Arnot</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Deitsch, Kirk W" sort="Deitsch, Kirk W" uniqKey="Deitsch K" first="Kirk W." last="Deitsch">Kirk W. Deitsch</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3936766
|texte= DNA secondary structures are associated with recombination in major Plasmodium falciparum variable surface antigen gene families
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:24253306" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |